directed energy weapons on humans

9 Eileen Walling, High Power Microwaves, Strategic and Operational Implications for Warfare, Occasional Paper no. DEWs send energy, instead of matter, toward a target, and can be separated into three types: laser weapons, particle-beam weapons, and high-power microwave (HPM) or ra-dio-frequency (RF) weapons. The Ukrainian army are reported to use the Ukrainian KVS G-6, with a 3.5km range and able to operate continuously for 30 minutes. However, because beam strength degrades rapidly as the particles react with the atoms in the atmosphere, it requires an enormous power plant to generate a weapons-grade beam. The MARAUDER (Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed-Energy and Radiation) used the Shiva Star project (a high energy capacitor bank which provided the means to test weapons and other devices requiring brief and extremely large amounts of energy) to accelerate a toroid of plasma at a significant percentage of the speed of light. Light is, for practical purposes, unaffected by, Lasers travel at light-speed and have long range, making them suitable for use in. The Air Force also recently demonstrated the ability of an HPM weapon to bring down multiple drones in testing at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, according to a recent Military.com article: After decades of research and investment, we believe these advanced directed-energy applications will soon be ready for the battlefield to help protect people, assets and infrastructure. Thomas Bussing, Raytheon Advanced Missile Systems vice president, said in a news release accompanying the announcement. These systems of missile defense are expected to come online no sooner than the mid to late-2020s. Similar to the Armys RCCTO and the Navys Accelerated Acquisition (AA) Process, the Air Force is leveraging both Air Force Research Laboratorys DE Directorate and Air Force Strategic Development Planning and Experimentation Office to expedite delivery of capabilities to address key capability gaps identified in the DE flight plan: Forward Base Defense, Precision Strike, and Aircraft Self-Protect. However, a variety of optical methods can be used to correct for blooming. [46] Potentially lethal effects are produced only inside 100 meters range, and disruptive effects at distances on the order of one kilometer. 15 Office of the Secretary of Defense, Missile Defense Review, January 2019, available at < https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11-2019-Missile-Defense-Review/The%202019%20MDR_Executive%20Summary.pdf>. Alane Kochems Directed energy microwave weapons convert energy from a power source - a wall plug in a lab or the engine on a military vehicle - into radiated electromagnetic energy and focus it on a target . The DOD Office of Force Transformation (OFT), in conjunction with the Air Force Research Laboratory, is developing the Tactical Relay Mirror System (TRMS), which would use a mirror system mounted on an aerostat or UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) to redirect the beams from laser weapons such as the ATL and ABL. The system consists of a missile-detecting and tracking subsystem (MDT), a command and control system, and a scanning array. As defined by Direct Energy Weapons Agency is any weapon, device or electronic that uses any kind of energy to disable, harass, assault, incapacitate another human being, an enemy's weapons, their equipment, hideouts, etc. Today, solid state electrical (including fiber) and hybrid lasers are being developed that are much lighter and smaller. From the Stone Age until the Middle Ages, a weapon's power was limited by the strength of the man wielding it or, in the case of bows, by the strength of material from which it was made. In an electrolaser, twin laser beams create an ionized channel inside the atmosphere, which conducts electricity. - The Navy continues to learn more about a pair of directed energy weapons, as the service installs the fourth and fifth dazzler system this year and begins land-based testing of . Improvements in energy-generating systems may also make particle-beam weapons feasible. One of the greatest attributes of directed energy weapons is that they operate at the speed of light. In this last factor, the frequency of the laser and the engagement altitude will have a significant impact on how much the atmosphere effects the lasers lethality. With the ever-increasing use of electronics in weapons systems, HPM devices could have a devastating but nonlethal effect on the battlefield. Such arrests, which could also involve direct physical torture, were condemned internationally. This revolution changed the nature of warfare: not just tactics, but also the usefulness of armor, castles, and then-popular weapons. The manufacturer states that the weapon can disrupt remote control, the transmission of video at 2.4 and 5 GHz, and GPS and Glonass satellite navigation signals. [10]Press release, "Airborne Laser Progress Continues as Northrop Grumman Runs Full-Power COIL Tests, Delivers Beacon Illuminator Laser," Northrop Grumman Corporation, January 4, 2006, at http://www.irconnect.com/noc/pages/news_printer.mhtml?d=91869 (March 15, 2006). According to the manufacturer's specifications, the systems weigh from 15 to 320 pounds (6.8 to 145.1kg) and can emit sound in a 30- 60 beam at 2.5kHz. This directed energy technology was designed for nonlethal control of crowds. They hurt and kill with electromagnetic power. The Soviet Union invested some effort in the development of ruby and carbon dioxide lasers as anti-ballistic missile systems, and later as a tracking and anti-satellite system. [54] They range in size from small, portable handheld units which can be strapped to a person's chest, to larger models which require a mount. Directed energy weapons are no longer just science fiction. The electrical shock is enough to stun personnel, detonate improvised explosive devices, or destroy electronic equipment. In addition, a technique known as adaptive optics has been developed for many years. to reduce size, weight, and power required to operate these weapons. In March 2003, North Korea may have used a ZM-87 to "paint" two U.S. Apache helicopters patrolling the Demilitarized Zone. Some applications of directed energy weapons to solve todays challenges have already been described, such as stopping swarms of small adversary boats which have been harassing U.S. ships in international waters, or stopping vehicles carrying improvised explosive devices at a safe distance from U.S. personnel. However, the first working laser was not built until 1960, opening an entirely new avenue of directed-energy research. Directed energy weapons conjure up images of the Death Star's Superlaser or Optimus Prime's Ion Blaster. Millimeter waveband energy can penetrate human skin to a very shallow depth, heating the tissue below. HPM weapon technology is based on the same technology as radar devices, which already have a long history of research and development. The number of "shots" a laser weapon can produce is limited only by its power supply. two directional speakers emitting 16,000 Hz and 16,002 Hz frequencies would produce in the ear two frequencies of 32,002 Hz and 2 Hz. Laser light can be produced by a number of different methods, ranging from rods of chemically doped glass to energetic chemical reactions to semiconductors. [49] [18], Paired with a microwave generator, an EPFCG could produce an ultrashort, intense microwave burst. In early versions of laser weapons, the light was generated by chemical reactions. It stated that it did have, however, an 'ultra-loud public address system which [] could be "used for verbal communication over two miles, or put out a sustained or modulated sound blanket to make conversation, and thus crowd organisation, impossible. We proved that the technology could be effective, but its size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements made the laser weapons impracticable to field. [56] Their weapons capability has been controversially used in the USA to disrupt numerous protests. [10], Once tracked by the TILL, the BILL measures the atmospheric distortion between the COIL and the missile. [3]Richard M. Roberds, Ph.D., "Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon," Air University Review, July-August 1984, at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1984/jul-aug/roberds.html (March 15, 2006). Similar in principle to the microwave oven, the weapons produce energies in the megawatt range. This sound, magnified by the dish reflectors, caused vertigo and nausea at 200400 meters (220440yd) by vibrating the middle ear bones and shaking the cochlear fluid within the inner ear. According to a legend, Archimedes created a mirror with an adjustable focal length (or more likely, a series of mirrors focused on a common point) to focus sunlight on ships of the Roman fleet as they invaded Syracuse, setting them on fire. However, risks, challenges and limitations remain. speed of light engagement which makes responsiveness and tracking much faster than kinetic weapons; deep shot magazines which are only limited by the electrical power supplied to and re-generated by the system; stealth-like performance (quiet and invisible beams) that are hard to detect or intercept; precision targeting for both lethal and non-lethal applications; and. The ABL is a system that uses a megawatt chemical laser mounted on a modified Boeing 747 to shoot down theater ballistic missiles. A DE weapon is a system using DE primarily as a direct means to The Sodium Guidestar at the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate's Starfire Optical Range. However, the Army felt the fixed-base laser system was too large and cut funding for the program after the demonstration phase. For example, lasers can cut through steel, aluminum, and many other materials in a matter of seconds. '[67] The British Ministry of Defence denied the existence of such a device. Various morally flexible, highly educated professionals provide their services to the states most probably lured by utilitarian gains and acting not only against the law, but against any moral value, their Ippocratical oath and other professional ethics. Most HPM systems are based on short pulses of radiofrequency (RF) energy, for which peak power is the important metric. [48], Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project, A laser weapon is a directed-energy weapon based on lasers.[50]. Microwave weapons can be aimed at computers, electronical devices and persons. Examples include damaging individual components, circuit cards, or the mother boards in a desktop computer. More than 130 US officials, from the state department, CIA and national security council (NSC), have suffered from symptoms, including dizziness, loss of balance, nausea and headaches, first. "Bofors HPM Blackout". Research was also conducted on a mobile version of the THEL called the MTEL. These data are then passed on to the mirror system, which makes appropriate corrections so that, when the COIL fires, maximum energy is transmitted to the target. The Russian Stupor is reported to have a range of two kilometers, covering a 20-degree sector; it also suppresses the drone's cameras. General DOD policy is that directed-energy weapons can be used legitimately on the battlefield. 019, available at < https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Interactive/2018/11-2019-Missile-Defense-Review/The%202019%20MDR_Executive%20Summary.pdf>. 12 Jen Judson, U.S. They were seen as tools for destroying ICBMs and drones, or for dispersing rioters. "[75], In the 1980s, U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program, which was nicknamed Star Wars. However, no military has yet openly deployed HPM weapons. [citation needed], Another approach was Ernst Schiebolds 'Rntgenkanone' developed from 1943 in Groostheim near Aschaffenburg. [8], In August 2004, the THEL system shot down multiple mortar rounds during testing. In addition, the cost per shot of a directed energy weapons could be orders of magnitude less expensive than current kinetic weapons. Bofors HPM Blackout is a high-powered microwave weapon that is said to be able to destroy at short distance a wide variety of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic equipment and is purportedly non-lethal. Finally, the concept of destroy involves the ability to inflict catastrophic and permanent injury on the enemy functions and systems. There are two types of hypersonic weapons, boost glide and air-launched high-speed cruise missiles. Space-based lasers would have a profound impact on the U.S. ability to defend and if necessary, fight in space. 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Tracked by the TILL, the light was generated by chemical reactions in a computer...

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