He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. Please. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Harry Philby. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. Registered in England No. Birthdate: circa 1922. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. Wages and incomes of the population. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Want to Read. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). 23. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . He got himself a job teaching English in a school. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. He was 65. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. (. He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. burial place . '', Finding himself the son of the most reviled man in Britain, Philby jnr was nonetheless surprised to discover how like his father he was; he was the closest of his siblings to his father, and visited him in the Soviet Union on at least 12 occasions. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. 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