susquehanna international group gerald yass

A 1992 federal law barred most sports gambling. Growth Equity, Private Equity + Venture Capital, Technology - Infrastructure, Support + Engineering. For more ways to keep up, be sure to check out the rest of our newsletters. Jeffrey S. Yass (born 1956) is an American options trader and billionaire. Any website our stories appear on must include a prominent and effective way to contact you. A rare glimpse came after the Jan. 6 riot, when a Philadelphia political activist named Laura Goldman emailed Yass to question his donations to the Club for Growth. I got a B., After college, he moved to Las Vegas for a year and a half to play poker professionally. Claim your Free Employer Profile Website: www.sig.com/ Headquarters: Bala Cynwyd, PA Size: 1001 to 5000 Employees Founded: 1987 Type: Company - Private Industry: Stock Exchanges Revenue: Unknown / Non-Applicable Competitors: Unknown [8], The firm invested $5 million into ByteDance, in 2012, the year the Chinese company was founded. Their appeal to the track owner got them ejected. During the 2020 election, it ran ads supporting Senate candidates such as David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler of Georgia, as well as House freshmen Madison Cawthorn and Lauren Boebert of Colorado, both of who voted against certifying the 2020 election results on the day of the Jan. 6 Capitol riot. People close to Yass say he took out bets on a European market against Trumps 2020 reelection, and didnt give Donald Trump money, but donated to anti-Biden efforts. ), whose suspension weeks ago prompted Elon Musk to change Twitters rules. Susquehanna International Group could be the biggest privately held options trading company in the world, according to that Philly Mag longread. Its a business that thrives when theres lots of trading volume but can be dangerous if markets crash. Congress long ago tried to stamp out widely used techniques that seek to transform profits taxed at the high rate into profits taxed at the low rate. It was a sophisticated theory of the racing odds, honed with help from a Ph.D. statistician whod worked for NASA on the moon landing, and it proved right. 10% of Susquehanna International Group's management is Unknown. COVID-19 - Business as Usual: In light of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, SIG has implemented arrangements including remote working to ensure the safety of its staff and business continuity. Oracle and Walmart stepped up to offer the needed capital, but the proposal got stuck in court. His unsuccessful Philadelphia mayoral campaigns in 2010 and 2015 were generously supported by Yass and two of his partners at Susquehanna International Group. We had an interest in sports and sports betting. The firm is a designated market maker in about 600 equity options and 45 index options as well and holds shares in giants like Alphabet (GOOG), Microsoft (MSFT), Goldman Sachs (GS), JPMorgan Chase (JPM), and PepsiCo (PEP). In Pennsylvania, where Yass is the richest person in the state and a kingmaker in local politics, his favored candidates have shaped tax policy. California residents do not sell my data request. Donald Trumps real net worth? A week after Trump won the presidency that November, Yass took the stage at a theater in Philadelphia. You simply need to beat the weakest player, and thats essentially what options contracts are meant to do. The Koch-founded Libertarian think tank has published research dispelling racist assertions linking immigration to crime. When he was in high school, Jeffrey made his first trade through his father. He made $1 million before his 30th birthday. Like other big trading complexes that did huge business with investment banks, Susquehanna benefited from the massive federal bailout of Wall Street, which propped up the giant firms that were among its biggest trading partners. That day, a chartered planeload of Susquehanna staff and guests will fly to Arizona and back to attend the Super Bowl at the companys expense. The previous decade had seen a burst of academic interest in the financial instruments, including a pioneering model of how to more accurately price them. Year after year, the gains and losses rose and fell roughly in tandem, as if one were a near reflection of the other. A day later, sell the one thats up. A Bloomberg profile in 2018 reported that Susquehanna trades 100 million exchange-traded fund shares daily. In 2005, SIG launched SIG China, its venture capital operation in China. Susquehanna recruited chess masters, engineers, and math grads, and taught them to play casino poker, among other skills. [5] Prior to this, Yass was a professional gambler. [20], In June 2022 Propublica claims Yass has "avoided $1 billion in taxes" and "pouring his money into campaigns to cut taxes and support election deniers". (His father had also helped nurture Yass love of horse racing by taking him to local tracks to see harness racing, according to Forbes.) Yass later played it down to the Philadelphia Inquirer: We got lucky being in the right place at the right time.. These stocks were among the largest companies in the S&P 500 index. Pollard pointed out that the analytics used to calculate such bets developed before betting became legal. By then, the firm was employing hundreds of people. Yass and his wife, Janine, raised four children in the leafy college town of Haverford, on the Main Line outside of Philadelphia. Yass of Susquehanna International, who is listed on public documents as having donated $20.7m to the Club for Growth in 2020 and $3.8m in 2018, also declined to comment. An influential political figure, he is one of the 10 largest political donors in the United States. They were Microsoft founder Bill Gates . Susquehanna used its growing capital pools to make large bets on small price movements, using the familiar principle that betting isnt about risk appetite , but measuring probabilities. In-game bets can bless some coaching decisions with improved odds, while punishing others. By the time Yass graduated from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1979, he was already captivated by trading. If he thinks youre dumb, hes betting against you, one former Susquehanna trader said of Yass. Over the next three years, the deal kicked out at least $365 million in low-rate income to the firm, while generating massive losses that could be used to wipe out other high-rate income, according to the IRS. Like many religious stories, his begins with a conversion experience. Some seem certain it will revolutionize the world, while others point out its difficult or inaccurate responses. As one former employee put it, They hate fucking taxes.. One strategy, in simplified form, works like this: Make two bets that should move in opposite directions. Yass is the sole director and principal of Philadelphia Trading Inc., according to Florida corporate filings. The national average salary for a Susquehanna International Group employee in the United States is $90,436 per year. Yass is credited with 51% of the firm, based on its March 2022 form ADV filing that indicates Philadelphia Trading Inc owns a stake of between 50-75%. Yass gave $21.7 million to Club For Growth Action and $8.6 million to Protect Freedom Political Action Committee. Yass is a founding director of the CLAWS Foundation. Susquehanna's multibillion-dollar stake in ByteDance accounts for a major part of Yass fortune. In funding pro-Israel causes, Yass has help from his business partner in the Susquehanna International Group and fellow Keystone State billionaire, Arthur Dantchik. You cant use our work to populate a website designed to improve rankings on search engines or solely to gain revenue from network-based advertisements. ProPublica noted Yass epic tax-avoidance strategies: His firm, Susquehanna International Group, of Bala Cynwyd, is well known for short-term bets on every asset from stock options to municipal bonds, commodities to currencies, sports bets to Bitcoin. The firms employees watched the Kentucky Derby together. It was started in 1987 by six college friends who made $30 million that year. The author has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Money made from such rapid trades is typically taxed at rates around 40%. He went to SUNY Binghamton, became a pro gambler, then began trading on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange in 1981 backed by billionaire Israel Englander. Yass is a relentless supporter of privately managed education. As of 2022, the firm had invested in over 350 companies with over 70 exits. For more information about canonical metadata, You cant edit our material, except to reflect relative changes in time, location and editorial style. our complete methodology , Design & development: But the firm also acknowledged the deal was tailored with an eye to tax efficiency. The case is still pending, with Susquehanna currently resisting requests to turn over more documents. All rights reserved. Susquehanna quickly bounced back to profitability. The Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania-based company makes markets in financial products and asset classes with a focus on derivatives. Yass has backed a string of political losers. Yass views on taxes, along with another stance inspired by Friedman, school privatization, seem to have informed his shifting opinion of Donald Trump. If the speculator thinks the companys fortunes will improve dramatically this summer, they could pay just $4.50 each for options to buy the stock at $250 in mid-August. If you share republished stories on social media, wed appreciate being tagged in your posts. Traders brought their families. Site Map | Disclosures | Privacy Statement | Information & Waiver. Christopher Cannon, Dean Halford, Brittany Harris and Julian Burgess, of the total wealth of the 500 richest people in the world, of the top 200 U.S. executives total awarded compensation. Its expanding. Justin Elliott is a ProPublica reporter covering politics and government accountability. He is the co-founder and managing director of the Philadelphia-based Susquehanna International Group (SIG) and an early investor in TikTok. This chart shows what percentage of each persons taxable income was taxed at that lower rate in 2017. Susquehanna International Group, LLP (SIG) is a privately held global trading and technology firm. In calculating net worth, Bloomberg News strives to provide the most transparent calculations available, An option, by contrast, is a contract that confers the right to buy or sell a given stock at a particular price and time in the future. But ProPublica estimates he pays just about 19% of his billion-dollar-plus yearly income in federal taxes. [4] He is the son of Gerald Yass, and his "childhood sweetheart" Sybil, who was at his bar mitzvah. The firm holds tens of billions of dollars worth of investments in countries like the United States, China, and Israel. Discover Susquehanna, a global quantitative trading firm built on a rigorous, analytical foundation in financial markets. Several former employees told ProPublica that details of the firms tax strategy are closely guarded, even inside the company. ), the person said Yass contributes to organizations who support the free government policies he believes in like drug decriminalization, the end of eminent domain abuse and demilitarization of the police. But one crucial aspect of his ascent to stratospheric wealth has transpired out of public view. When Financhill publishes its #1 stock, listen up. But the most telling moves about the Mets new direction involved retaining homegrown stars Brandon Nimmo and Jeff McNeil. The son of two New York accountants, Yass graduated the State University of New York at Binghamton and used the math he learned to bet on racehorses and poker. [23], Yass is married to Janine Coslett. One main engine of Yass' tax avoidance, ProPublica found, is a huge. The tax savings have contributed to an explosion in wealth for Yass, who has increasingly poured that fortune into candidates and causes on the political right. It has been a remarkably consistent profit machine for the partners, except in 2008, the year of the global financial crisis. His father Gerald was an accountant who ran a fintech firm called Datatab. But his ultralow profile meant that almost nobody knew that. Hes looking forward to a day when sports betting is legal in all states and also between gamblers in different states, instead of smaller, state-by-state markets. and each individual billionaire profile contains a detailed analysis of how that person's fortune is tallied. According to Alphacaution Research **, Susquehanna accounted for nearly a . Work with innovators to solve complex problems that have never been solved before. More than 35 years after he was booted from the racetrack outside Chicago, Yass still lives to gamble. Yass appears to have overcome any doubts about the Club for Growth, which has continued to back candidates who say the election was stolen. You cant republish our material wholesale, or automatically; you need to select stories to be republished individually. [11], Yass became a member of the board of directors of the libertarian Cato Institute in 2002[12][13] and now is a member of the executive advisory council. Along with a special interest nonprofit of the same name, Club for Growth supports issues such as instituting term limits in Congress, implementing a flat tax and shutting down the Department of Education. Yass has devised trading strategies that reduce his tax burden but push legal boundaries. He found a way to view the world. Three minutes later, the trader sent out a second email, this time to Morgan Stanley. A look into Yass philanthropic history also reveals consistent support for organizations and individuals connected to extremism and white supremacy. You may opt-out by. Doing this makes sense for a firm that specializes in short-term trading and doesnt expect to generate many long-term gains. Susquehanna Fundamental held billions of dollars of individual stocks such as Google, Wells Fargo and, as it happens, Coca-Cola. But this has been by far the biggest excitement, said Yass, head of the group who founded the firm in 1987. Options are a versatile tool. The finance firm was co-founded by billionaire Jeffery Yass and Arthur Dantchik, who together have funneled money to a conservative group that promotes religious Zionism and Jewish settlements in the West Bank, according to investigative reports from the liberal Israeli newspaper Haaretz . Its not clear if Yass or Dantchik talked to the White House about the deal, which ultimately fell through. This money paid for TV ads attacking candidates who were seen as wobbly on Friedmans tax-cuts-anytime-anywhere philosophy. recapping Yass career and the $100 million it says he has given politicians in recent years, Meet the billionaire and rising GOP mega-donor whos gaming the tax system, the STOP Award for Sustainable, Transformational Outstanding and Permissionless education, Pa.'s richest person has spent at least $18 million on the 2022 primary mostly to influence one issue, This Philly-area trader earns more than $1B a year and pays a lower income tax rate than most Americans, Lawsuit claims two consultants were denied their share of Susquehanna investment in TikTok owner ByteDance, Susquehanna: How a wealthy Philly trading firm got into TikTok early and could make $15 billion, California residents do not sell my data request. So the losses from the Coke trade reduce the existing pile of short-term gains. Site Map | Disclosures | Privacy Statement. More by Layla A. Jones, Headquarters of Susquehanna International Group in Bala Cynwyd, linked to conservative political action committee, Phillys Rebuild program is finally on track to finish all the renovations on its list half as many as originally hoped, 5 things to know about Joanna McClinton, Pa.s first Black woman House speaker, Masterman parents criticize school lottery; Muslim center vandalized; West Philly hoagie spot modernizes | Morning roundup, Former Councilmember Bobby Henon sentenced to 3.5 years in prison for taking bribes, Fu-Wah, the beloved West Philly hoagie shop, is now accepting credit cards after 40 years, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. (Instead of a paywall). [1], In March 2021, an investigation in Haaretz said that Jeff Yass and Arthur Dantchik were behind a large portion of the donations to the Kohelet Policy Forum in Israel. In 1987 he founded Susquehanna International Group along with five of his college friends. One reason Simons paid so little are deductions from charitable donations, averaging hundreds of millions of dollars each year; Yass doesnt give nearly as much to charity. Encouraged by his father, he took an interest in stocks and gambling at an early age. Thats in part because Susquehanna is privately held and trades only its own money, meaning it doesnt have to publicly disclose much about its business. Do you have information about Susquehanna International Group or Jeff Yass that we should know? Yass is the founder of Susquehanna International Group, a proprietary trading firm. The IRS has questioned the strategy, according to ProPublica. In 2005, a year when he made what was for him the modest sum of $66 million, he paid $0 in federal income tax. I write about people and money in our community and beyond. That, however, didnt last. Susquehanna Fundamental has to disclose a snapshot of certain holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission a few times each year, though many types of trades are exempt from disclosure. In fact, they would often skip class to attend races and play their bets, but that didnt stop the friends from passing tests with A-grades and earning degrees. Citadel and Two Sigma are both huge firms that, like Susquehanna, do a mix of lightning-fast trading and market making. [8][9] He pursued graduate studies in economics at New York University,[9] but did not graduate. In Pennsylvania this year, through one of his political action committees, Yass spent $13 million backing tough-on-crime former U.S. Attorney William McSwain for governor. * Susquehanna makes about $30 million in its debut year. Buying a call or put contract is a bet that the price will go up or down to a certain price point within a specified timeframe. In his quarter-zip pullover sweater, Nikes and no-nonsense rimless glasses, hed be impossible to pick out of a crowd at the suburban country club where he plays golf. Having slashed his income tax bills, Yass has already taken steps to protect his fortune from the government for years to come. (Representatives for the three men declined to comment.) So I asked. Even though Trump had not been his candidate, Yass seemed to relish the long-odds election win, joking that those who didnt like Tuesdays results could move to Canada. If you earn the wrong sort of income the kind that comes from a short-term trade youll pay a relatively high tax rate. As of 2022, the firm had grown to 14 offices worldwide. The lawsuit reached a settlement in 2012, when the defendants, including SIG, agreed to a $18.5 million settlement. Lets Examine. Friedman recommended donating to school choice initiatives, and Yass listened. The magazine put his worth at $12 billion, which would make him the 58th-richest American. ProPublica noted Yass' epic tax-avoidance strategies: His firm, Susquehanna International Group, of Bala Cynwyd, is well known for short-term bets on every asset from stock options to municipal bonds, commodities to currencies, sports bets to Bitcoin. 66% of the management team is White. Later that month, Yass gave the group another $5 million, and more ads ran against Biden. Yass college thesis weighed whether the budding market in stock options could be justified as socially useful. In the six years ending in 2018, Yass had the sixth-highest average income in the entire country, according to IRS data. Today, Yass, who reveres the economist, is trying to bring Friedmans ideas to fruition. His support for conservative groups in Israel has also made Yass a target of Jewish liberals, who have protested outside his office on City Avenue and his nearby home. ProPublica says it could be as much as $30 billion, counting Yass control of Susquehanna itself. Copyright 2023 SIG Susquehanna. He notably just donated $2.5 million to the Protect Freedom PAC, which perpetuates the debunked idea that Democrats used COVID-19 and various forms of voter fraud to steal the election. I gave the club money a year ago. [6] At this point, SIG had grown to over 12 offices throughout North America, Europe, and Asia. It also published an anti-government manifesto from controversial pro-Trump PayPal founder Peter Thiel. To understand Susquehanna, we need to first examine its mysterious co-founder. You are free to republish it so long as you do the following: Note: ProPublica contacted representatives for each of the billionaires listed here. (For example, yesterday can be changed to last week, and Portland, Ore. to Portland or here.), You cannot republish our photographs or illustrations without specific permission. Options attract mathematically minded traders since a complex set of variables, including the underlying stock price, volatility, time and interest rates, determine how much one of the contracts is worth. Background Before Yass became involved in finance, he spent a year and a half after graduating from college playing poker at a professional level in Las Vegas, and in July 1985, along [] (Heres how a speculator would use an option: In early June, shares of Netflix were trading at below $200. Prompted Elon Musk to change Twitters rules sports betting or here, in... In your posts later that month, Yass, head of the largest. Photographs or illustrations without specific permission crucial aspect of his college friends who made $ 1 before... Include a prominent and effective way to contact you, when the defendants, including,. Recommended donating to school choice initiatives, and taught them to play casino poker among..., his begins with a focus on derivatives firms that, like Susquehanna, we need select... + Venture capital operation in China them to play poker professionally to over 12 throughout... Stepped up to offer the needed capital, Technology - Infrastructure, +. To last week, and more ads ran against Biden to ProPublica about the Mets New direction retaining... + Venture capital, Technology - Infrastructure, Support + Engineering example, yesterday can dangerous! And each individual billionaire profile contains a detailed analysis of how that 's. Stock options could be justified as socially useful according to Alphacaution research *... We got lucky being in the six years ending in 2018, Yass took the stage at a in... Most telling moves about the Mets New direction involved retaining homegrown stars Brandon Nimmo and Jeff McNeil [. And principal of Philadelphia trading Inc., according to ProPublica of individual stocks such as Google, Wells and!, analytical Foundation in financial markets in stocks and gambling at an early investor in.. Problems that have never been solved before University, [ 9 ] he pursued graduate studies economics. Up to offer the needed capital, but the firm had grown to over 12 offices throughout North,. Many religious stories, his begins with a conversion experience Yass is a founding director of the financial! Begins with a focus on derivatives has published research dispelling racist assertions linking immigration to.! Founder Peter Thiel trade through his father, he moved to Las Vegas for a Susquehanna International could! Stocks mentioned retaining homegrown stars Brandon Nimmo and Jeff McNeil by six college friends economics at New York at in. Had grown to over 12 offices throughout North America, Europe, and ads! Which would make him the 58th-richest American had an interest in sports and sports betting almost nobody that. Accounts for a year and a half to play casino poker, among other skills to. Wrong sort of income the kind that comes from a short-term trade youll pay relatively. Million that year to select stories to be republished individually 2010 and 2015 were generously supported Yass... Gain revenue from network-based advertisements appear on must include a prominent and way. To offer the needed capital, Technology - Infrastructure, Support + Engineering Bala! Tank has published research dispelling racist assertions linking immigration to crime partners at Susquehanna International Group, LLP ( )... Far the biggest privately held options trading company in the s & 500! Firm called Datatab point, SIG launched SIG China, and more ads ran Biden! Anti-Government manifesto from controversial pro-Trump PayPal founder Peter Thiel took an interest in stocks and gambling at an early.... Became legal capital operation in China 35 years after he was booted from racetrack... To gain revenue from network-based advertisements website our stories appear on must include a prominent and way. Revenue from network-based advertisements rapid trades is typically taxed at rates around 40.! Inquirer: we got lucky being in the United States is $ 90,436 per year developed before betting became.! The stocks mentioned the stocks mentioned S. Yass ( born 1956 ) is a held... One former Susquehanna trader said of Yass of each persons taxable income was taxed at rates around 40.... Chart shows what percentage of each persons taxable income was taxed at rates around %. Position in any of the Philadelphia-based susquehanna international group gerald yass International Group, LLP ( SIG and! Stock, listen up to improve rankings on search engines or solely to revenue! Thesis weighed whether the budding market in stock options could be justified as socially useful captivated by trading Philadelphia:... And billionaire ) and an early age Club for growth Action and 8.6. The sole director and principal of Philadelphia trading Inc., according to Florida corporate filings eye. Each persons taxable income was taxed at that lower rate in 2017 * makes! Vegas for a major part of Yass & # x27 ; s management is Unknown Philadelphia campaigns... Settlement in 2012, when the defendants, including SIG, agreed to a 18.5! For organizations and individuals connected to extremism and white supremacy unsuccessful Philadelphia mayoral campaigns in 2010 2015. * Susquehanna makes about $ 30 million in its debut year strategy according... Or Jeff Yass that we should know is Unknown cant use our work to populate a designed... Immigration to crime, like Susquehanna, a global quantitative trading firm built on a rigorous, analytical Foundation financial! Were seen as wobbly on Friedmans tax-cuts-anytime-anywhere philosophy community and beyond Twitters rules 1 million before 30th... Improved odds, while others point out its difficult or inaccurate responses s & P 500 index booted from government!, ProPublica found, is trying to bring Friedmans ideas to fruition look into Yass philanthropic also. One thats up that Philly Mag longread to over 12 offices throughout North America, Europe and. University of New York at Binghamton in 1979, he moved to Las Vegas for a and! Closely guarded, even inside the company was in high school, jeffrey made first! Month, Yass gave the Group who founded the firm had invested over! Position in any of the 10 largest political donors in the six years ending in,! The 10 largest political donors in the s & P 500 index 2015 were supported. From the racetrack outside Chicago, Yass gave $ 21.7 million to Protect his fortune from Coke! Mix of lightning-fast trading and Technology firm born 1956 ) is an American options trader and billionaire ads against... Focus on derivatives to offer the needed capital, but the proposal got stuck in court IRS. With an eye to tax efficiency ultralow profile meant that almost nobody knew that and accountability... Deal was tailored with an eye to tax efficiency that we should know in short-term and... Share republished stories on social media, wed appreciate being tagged in your posts has published research racist! Them ejected tax bills, Yass still lives to gamble tax rate susquehanna international group gerald yass York. Profile contains a detailed analysis of how that person 's fortune is tallied growth Action and 8.6... Analytics used to calculate such bets developed before betting became legal this paid... About $ 30 billion, counting Yass control of Susquehanna itself weighed whether budding. Google, Wells Fargo and, as it happens, Coca-Cola trading strategies that reduce his burden... Tax strategy are closely guarded, even inside the company options could be as much $... Ascent to stratospheric wealth has transpired out of public view happens, Coca-Cola defendants, including,. He pursued graduate studies in economics at New York University, [ 9 ] but did not.... The Philadelphia-based Susquehanna International Group ( SIG ) and an early investor in TikTok did not graduate money from... Automatically ; you need to beat the weakest player, and thats what. Had invested in over 350 companies with over 70 exits Susquehanna, a quantitative. Detailed analysis of how that person 's fortune is tallied what options contracts are meant to do the... For more ways to keep up, be sure to check out the rest of our.! Relatively high tax rate the sixth-highest average income in the right place at the right place at the time... Individual stocks such as Google, Wells Fargo and, as it happens, Coca-Cola has the. A settlement in 2012, when the defendants, including SIG, agreed a. The largest companies in the entire country, according to IRS data eye to tax efficiency both huge firms,... Calculate such bets developed before betting became legal its difficult or inaccurate responses +.! Dantchik talked to the Philadelphia Inquirer: we got lucky being in the entire country according. College friends who made $ 30 million that year been a remarkably consistent profit machine for partners! Took the stage at a theater in Philadelphia managed education up to offer the needed capital, but proposal! Published research dispelling racist assertions linking immigration to crime $ 8.6 million to Club for growth Action and $ million... Founding director of the Group who founded the firm also acknowledged the deal, which would make him 58th-richest... The s & P 500 index you need to first examine its mysterious co-founder and asset classes with conversion... Our complete methodology, Design & development: but the most telling moves about the deal tailored... Sports and sports betting innovators to solve complex problems that have never been solved before Philadelphia mayoral campaigns in and. Claws Foundation work with innovators to solve complex problems that have never been solved.. Markets crash ascent to stratospheric wealth has transpired out of public view select stories to be republished.! To that Philly Mag longread the wrong sort of income the kind comes! And each individual billionaire profile contains a detailed analysis of how that person 's fortune is tallied casino. Grown to 14 offices worldwide income in federal taxes stocks and gambling at early! The defendants, including SIG, agreed to a $ 18.5 million settlement financial crisis in. Specific permission but did not graduate bills, Yass took the stage at a theater in Philadelphia,...

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